This may attract curious people and fishers to the seafloor right before the crest, or peak, of the wave arrives and drowns those in its path. Reports have the height ranging form 2-3 m at the African coast (Kenya) up to 10-15 m at Sumatra, the region closest to the epicentre. Anyone who is at the beach or near the ocean and feels the Earth shake should immediately move to higher ground, rather than wait for a warning to be issued. The waves washed away entire villages and killed more than 200,000 people.

A tsunami is a series of ocean waves with very long wavelengths (typically hundreds of kilometres) caused by large-scale disturbances of the ocean, such as:These disturbances can either be from below (e.g. (The period is the time between the end of one wave and the beginning of another.) Underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are the most common causes of tsunamis. But the rate of energy loss is inversely proportional to the length of the wave. The earthquake was also unusually large in geographical extent. The first wave of a tsunami may not be the biggest. underwater earthquakes with large vertical displacements, submarine landslides) or from above (e.g. The death toll was the highest in Other large tsunamis of recent history include one that ravaged the northwestern coast of Papua New Guinea in 1998, killing more than 2,100 people, and one that occurred in 1976 in the Philippines, killing about 8,000 people. Tsunamis can have wavelengths ranging from 10 to 500 km and wave periods of up to an hour. Over 200,000 people are known to have lost their lives.The waves devastated the shores of parts of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and other countries with waves reported up to 15 m high, reaching as far as Somalia on the east coast of Africa, 4500 km west of the epicentre. The word tsunami is a Japanese word, represented by two characters: Tsunamis are most commonly generated by underwater A tsunami can travel great distances.

Occasionally a wave’s trough—the part with the lowest water level—may arrive first, temporarily causing the water to recede and exposing the seafloor. Where the ocean is 13,100 feet (4,000 meters) deep, for instance, a tsunami can travel more than 400 miles (640 kilometers) per hour.The vast length of a tsunami also affects the force it carries. This means that the slope, or steepness of the wave is very small, so it is practically undetectable to the human eye. The first wave may not be the largest of the series. Because of this shoaling effect, a tsunami that is unnoticeable at sea, may grow to be several metres or more in height near the coast.The increase of the tsunami's waveheight as it enters shallow water is given by:Just like other water waves, tsunamis begin to lose energy as they rush onshore - part of the wave energy is reflected offshore, while the shoreward-propagating wave energy is dissipated through bottom friction and turbulence. One problem with this kind of satellite data is that it can be very sparse - some satellites only pass over a particular location about once a month, so you would be lucky to spot a tsunami since they travel so quickly. Agencies that monitor tsunamis use tide gauges along coasts to detect changes in water level.


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