/MediaBox [-0.0000 -0.0000 595.2756 841.8898] /XObject << /Im68 68 0 R /Im69 69 0 R /Im78 78 0 R /Im77 77 0 R >> Modern masonry codes first issued in 1990s – prior to that, a 1940 document “Ordenanza General de Urbanismo y Construcción” had been followed. C�)�����ƴ!�W��;�@�S�L�v>`3٧�g#��I< �����9a0g������v�M�&� ����ħ�ʅY˶&��x����N1��P��6��4%+�n�v�:v��}iY���}#_I:�":�(�Z_�� �8|l���%���� Y�$�J�/Ę���Z�^ << /Resources << It can be used as a building guide at construction sites or as a training resource. /ExtGState << /GS11 11 0 R /GS13 13 0 R >> �x�]Lp�Ƽ�҄}�x4�ed1��s)��>��d�f3��Jʬ5]������.�t�*���l�(���}�Nؓ��v�z~�|샪"㸕dqQO�_�ۥ��`���4O`>��٨�� %PDF-1.7 /Type /Page /S /Transparency >> endobj 0� �-Ӥ;#�q��]��J�f��hfv����ˊ �'�P����� N �Ϙ;D�S~N��i���}D��:E]��ǁ6tN㑯�BO��F��8=%���\�+����$[�����`q�Z0�b�(&��f�I|�2I�7�p�j�s�͗-���sG���}� �4}p��tz���ྨ�C�b` V1�%�QH"x��9W �����2�zc ����< P%z�y�&��.�3��&��� v��1�G�.�y�GOs�J����?qH63/��X�wqMvC�� �!��O �To�]��-�U��2�JX�HA������莡>�G�g��4dIe�]��-Vg�����-�p���P�����5�̓��Rh�y���I�k��#R[����y���`0yM��H;�ka���j�R'-�� ?���cC��I���d�`��F�޺��K�YN�4m~/8�R0�(��t���Q�����,'m�)R�Ae �sZ����u-vr.dEa��F)�,[���~.w a�\�%A R�L��

x��=k��6r������@F&�,>�n}�{a�� ��݉�s8���TI�TRQ-uOk��mx��5E�����w2�O;�^?�߿}�տ����__�?�;}��,�~�������9����o���9����}]��f�!fҭ��[z���������o�������ǐO�~����C�bNa��Y\����Vo��{��\����zhN������a �ӗ���}����lX ɖ�:�.�b��z���oh|(#?��ç�����9}���+���� !g� ���W������KFG@L�����oN��������@��A�����b>|[���}�iSB".���E�����"h F�D�<0 7�O� ֤.�`wxe��E�͹1 m�y��Ï��{�-���hM)�.�����v��a�>���ao>2���}���m�D^K���;��B��*��uL?�?�@���3�p�K��S` Vertical elements, called tie-columns, resemble columns in RC frame construction except that they tend to be of far smaller cross-sectional dimensions. /Annots [62 0 R ] Confined Masonry Construction This book is written for building professionals interested in learning more about con ned masonry (CM) construction and for those who would like to promote its application in India. Confined masonry Confined masonry Lesson prepared by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation for the trainings at the Housing Reconstruction Centres Ballakot and Battagram 13 August 2006 2 SDC Confined masonry Definition Confined Masonry is a construction system where the walls are built first, and the columns and beams are poured in afterwards to enclose (confine) the wall. /Resources << 4 0 obj

However, it is only in the recent years with the development of technical details and proper documentation, it is breaking into modern building construction as a preferred alternative to low-rise RC buildings. /Shading << /Sh65 65 0 R >>
/Filter [/FlateDecode ] If you need more information, we will gladly provide you with more technical details. 13 … Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. >> The main contents are the definition of confined masonry, how it is different from reinforced masonry, advantages, disadvantages, key factors influencing seismic resistance of structures and types of failure. %���� The first part of this document outlines the main features of confined masonry construction and showcases its worldwide application. Its bear-ing walls must be well constructed and must always be confined by reinforced concrete columns and beams. vi detailing are critical for its satisfactory earthquake performance. /CropBox [-0.0000 -0.0000 595.2756 841.8898] Download in PDF, DOC or PPT format. /Length 5460 Confined Masonry Construction This book is written for building professionals interested in learning more about con ned masonry (CM) construction and for those who would like to promote its application in India.


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