Ruler of the Mongols”.1215:  King John of England is forced to sign the Magna Carta, restricting I was so obsessed by this problem that for eight years I was thinking about it all the time – when I woke up in the morning to when I went to sleep at night. prime numbers.2003:  Perelman proves the Poincaré conjecture, the only one of the seven At the time, without adequate healthcare, this was very dangerous for women of her age. The mathematical equivalent of the Nobel Prize is the Fields Medal, but winners must be younger than forty, so Wiles just missed out. He made his first important discoveries while still a teenager, and later tutored many other famous mathematicians as Professor.Germain was a pioneer in understanding the mathematics of elastic surfaces, for which she won the grand prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences. Byzantine empire.1492:  Christopher Columbus arrives in America, starting a new age of Hardy. She created numerous infographics, and was one of the first to use pie charts. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to access Mathigon.Mirzakhani worked at the intersection of dynamical systems and geometry. He developed trigonometric tables with many practical applications, which remained the most accurate for many centuries. For example, the mathematician David Hilbert was asked why he did not attempt a proof of the Last Theorem, and he replied, “Before beginning I should have to put in three years of intensive study, and I haven’t that much time to squander on a probable failure.”But in the 1980s, work by Ken Ribet and Gerhard Frey built a bridge between the Last Theorem and mainstream mathematics, in particular the sort of ideas that Wiles was already familiar with. For the next seven years, Wiles worked in complete secrecy, formulating the proof of the century.Wiles’s incredible journey is too long to even begin to explore on this page, but it is best summarised by the following quote by Andrew Wiles, which draws an analogy between doing mathematics and exploring a dark mansion:“You enter the first room of the mansion and it’s completely dark. Confucianism.490 BCE:  Greece stop the Persian invasion at the battle of Marathon. The dots in the first two columns represent distances ranging from around 6 meters to 3 kilometres. Andrew J. Wiles was born on April 11, 1953, in Cambridge, England. book about – and the namesake of – Algebra.1202:  Fibonacci’s Liber Abaci introduces Arabic numerals to Europe, as well Revolution.1819:  Simón Bolívar defeats Spain at the Battle of Boyacá, leading to the Sir Andrew John Wiles is an English mathematician born on 11 April 1953.He was specialized in number theory. In 1991, a functional replica was constructed at the Science Museum in London.Cauchy formalised calculus and analysis, by reformulating and proving results where previous mathematicians were much more careless and imprecise. Only 15 of his paintings have survived, but among them are some of the best known and most reproduced works in the world, including the His notebooks contain a vast number of drawings, inventions, and scientific diagrams – including the first flying machines and helicopters, hydraulic pumps, bridges, and much more.Madhava first used infinite series to approximate trigonometric functions, which was a significant step towards the development of calculus many centuries later. His teachings become the foundation of logarithms.1637:  Fermat claims to have proven Fermat’s Last Theorem.1654:  Pascal and Fermat develop the theory of probability.1684:  Leibniz’ publishes the first paper on the calculus.1687:  Newton publishes the Principia Mathematica, containing the laws of

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